Expected Frequency
STEP 1 · LEARN
Expected frequency is the number of times you'd predict an outcome to occur, based on its probability and the size of your sample.
Expected frequency turns a percentage into a concrete number you can compare against what you actually observed.
STEP 2 · SEE
Expected Frequency = Probability × Sample Size
STEP 3 · PRACTICE
In 200 ticks, a digit with 10% probability should appear about...
A2 times
B10 times
C20 times
D100 times
CORRECT ✓
10% of 200 is 20 — that's the expected frequency for this sample size.
NOT QUITE
Multiply the probability (as a decimal) by the total sample size.